In most cases, though, azoospermia is likely due to factors we don’t fully understand, such as genetic conditions, poor testicular development as a fetus/child or environmental toxins. Perhaps the most obvious cause would be a vasectomy, which prevents sperm from joining other fluids in the ejaculate. We know of many potential causes, including some genetic conditions such as Klinefelter’s syndrome, medical treatments such as chemotherapy or radiation, recreational drugs such as some narcotics, and anatomical abnormalities such as varicoceles or absence of the vas deferens on each side. Imagine a stadium with 50,000 men attending a game - around 5,000 to 7,500 of those men will have infertility, and 500 of those men will be azoospermic! What causes azoospermia? Around 10 percent of infertile men and 1 percent of all men have azoospermia. It can be “obstructive,” where there is a blockage preventing sperm from entering the ejaculate, or it can be “nonobstructive” when it is due to decreased sperm production by the testis. Azoospermia is the medical term used when there are no sperm in the ejaculate.
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